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The feed

  • 1 prandium

    prandĭum, ii, n. [Sanscr. prep-, pra-, before; Gr. prôiên; Dor. pran, early; and Lat. dies; hence, early in the day, sc. that taken or eaten], a late breakfast, luncheon (cf.:

    jentaculum, cena), usually taken at or soon after noon, composed of bread, fish, cold meats, etc. (it was thought gluttonous to have several dishes and wine at the prandium): ire ad prandium,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 18; id. Stich. 4, 2, 45:

    adducere aliquem ad se ad prandium,

    id. Poen. 5, 5, 3:

    coquere alicui prandium,

    id. Men. 2, 3, 37:

    funus prandio facere,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 27:

    apparare,

    to get ready, prepare, id. ib. 1, 2, 61:

    accurare,

    id. ib. 3, 25:

    ornare,

    id. Rud. 1, 2, 53:

    dare,

    to give, id. Am. 2, 2, 33:

    obsonare alicui,

    id. Poen. 5, 5, 16:

    anteponere,

    to set before, serve up, id. Men. 2, 2, 2:

    comedere,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 55:

    prandere,

    id. Poen. 3, 5, 14:

    in prandio aliquem accipere apud se,

    id. Cist. 1, 1, 12:

    invitare ad prandium,

    Cic. Mur. 35, 73:

    prandiorum apparatus,

    id. Phil. 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 1, 19, § 49:

    ad prandium surgere,

    Suet. Calig. 58:

    panis deinde siccus et sine mensā prandium: post quod non sunt lavendae manus,

    Sen. Ep. 83, 6:

    post prandium aut cenam bibere volgare est,

    id. ib. 122, 6: de prandio nihil detrahi potuit;

    paratum fuit non magis hora, nusquam sine caricis, nusquam sine pugillaribus: illae, si panem habeo, propulmentario sunt, si non habeo, pro pane,

    id. ib. 87, 3:

    prandia cenis usque in lucem ingesta,

    id. Q. N. 4, 13, 6. The candidates gave such prandia to their tribules, Cic. Mur. 32, 67;

    the emperor to the people,

    Suet. Caes. 38; id. Tib. 20; cf. also Cic. Att. 5, 1, 3; Mart. 6, 64, 2; Suet. Vit. 13; id. Aug. 78; id. Claud. 34.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Poet., a meal, in gen.:

    qui scribit prandia saevi Tereos,

    Mart. 4, 49, 3.—
    B.
    The feed or fodder of animals:

    bubus glandem prandio depromere,

    Plaut. Truc. 3, 1, 2:

    prandio dato ipsis jumentisque eorum,

    Val. Max. 3, 7, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > prandium

  • 2 pulmentarium

    pulmentārĭum, ĭi, n. [id.].
    I.
    Any thing eaten with bread, a relish (fruit, salt, mustard, etc.), Cato, R. R. 58; id. ap. Charis. p. 56 P.; Varr. L. L. 5, 22, § 108; Sen. Ep. 87, 3; Plin. 15, 15, 17, § 58; 19, 8, 54, § 171; 31, 7, 41, § 87.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of the feed of birds, Col. 8, 10, 5.—
    B.
    Food, in gen.:

    tu pulmentaria quaere Sudando,

    i. e. seek an appetite by exercise, Hor. S. 2, 2, 20; Vulg. Johan. 21, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pulmentarium

  • 3 pasco

    pasco, pāvi, pastum, 3, v. a. and n. [root pa-; Sanscr. gō-pas, herdsman; Gr. pateomai; cf. pabulum, pastor, Pales, panis; perh. also, Penates, penum], to cause to eat, to feed, pasture.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Of animals, to pasture, drive to pasture, to feed, attend to the feeding of, etc. (cf. pabulor):

    cum sues puer pasceret,

    Cic. Div. 1, 17, 31:

    greges armentaque pavit,

    Ov. M. 6, 395:

    non, me pascente, capellae, cytisum carpetis,

    Verg. E. 1, 78:

    turpes sub gurgite phocas,

    id. G. 4, 395:

    ut pasceret porcos,

    Vulg. Luc. 15, 15. —
    2.
    = depasco, of land, to pasture, give as a pasture:

    et vomere duros Exercent collis atque horum asperrima pascunt,

    Verg. A. 11. 319.—
    B.
    In gen., to feed, supply with food:

    quot greges et quantos sit pasturus,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 24:

    bestias pascere,

    Cic. Off. 2, 4, 14:

    a quo (Catone) cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret? respondit: Bene pascere. Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere. Quid tertium? Male pascere,

    id. ib. 2, 25, 89:

    quid refert, quantum pascat aut feneret?

    Sen. Ep. 2, 5:

    plures calones atque caballi Pascendi,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 103.—
    2.
    To feed, nourish, maintain, support (syn.:

    alo, nutrio): olusculis nos soles pascere,

    used to feed us with vegetables, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 13:

    quos, dives Anagnia, pascis, quos, Amasene pater,

    Verg. A. 7, 684:

    servi, ad quos pascendos transmarinarum regionum est optanda fertilitas,

    Sen. Ep. 17, 3; so,

    servos,

    Juv. 3, 141:

    viginti ventres pasco et canem,

    Petr. 57:

    nullā provinciarum pascente Italiam,

    Plin. 18, 3, 4, § 15: Juv. 7, 93.—Of one who gives frequent entertainments, to feast, entertain:

    cum plurimos suis sumptibus pasceret,

    Spart. Hadr. 17; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 41: se sutoris arte pascere, earn a living, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 8.—Rarely of things:

    et volsis pascunt radicibus herbae (sc. me),

    Verg. A. 3, 650.—
    3.
    To cherish, cultivate, let grow, feed, etc.— Poet.: barbam, i.e. to cherish, to let grow, pôgônotrophein, Hor. S. 2, 3, 35:

    sacrum (Baccho) crinem,

    Verg. A. 7, 391:

    genas Phoebo, crinem Iaccho,

    Stat. Th. 8, 493:

    Danaas paverunt Pergama flammas,

    fed, Ov. M. 14, 467:

    ubi Taurica dira Caede pharetratae pascitur ara deae,

    id. Tr. 4, 4, 63:

    polus dum sidera pascet,

    Verg. A. 1, 608; Luc. 10, 258:

    umbra pascens sata,

    Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 90:

    brevitate crassitudinem pascens,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 13:

    agros,

    to till, cultivate, Mart. 10, 58, 9:

    nummos alienos,

    to keep adding to, heap debt on debt, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 35.—
    4.
    Of animals, to graze, browse ( poet.):

    pascentes capellae,

    Verg. E. 3, 96:

    columbae,

    id. A. 6, 199:

    saltibus in vacuis pascunt,

    id. G 3, 143:

    sed tunc pascebant herbosa Palatia vaccae,

    Tib. 2, 5, 25:

    ire vis, mula, pastum foras,

    Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22.—Esp.
    b.
    In pass. reflex., with dep. force:

    cetera pascuntur viridis armenta per herbas,

    Verg. G. 3, 162:

    pascitur in magnā Silā formosa juvenca,

    id. ib. 3, 219:

    frondibus et victu pascuntur simplicis herbae,

    id. ib. 3, 528:

    carice pastus acutā,

    id. ib. 3, 231; 341:

    si pulli non pascentur,

    Liv. 6, 41, 8:

    iterum pasto pascitur ante cibo,

    chews the cud, Ov. Am. 3, 5, 17 sq. —
    (β).
    Like depascere, with acc.:

    silvas,

    Verg. G. 3, 314:

    mala gramina,

    id. A. 2, 471:

    apes arbuta,

    id. G. 4, 181:

    beluae pastae radices fruticum,

    Plin. 9, 3, 2, § 7.—
    II.
    Trop.
    1.
    To feast, to gratify:

    quos P. Clodii furor rapinis et incendiis et omnibus exitiis pavit,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 3:

    alicujus cruciatu atque supplicio pascere oculos animumque exsaturare,

    to feast, id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 65; cf.:

    in ejus corpore lacerando... oculos paverit suos,

    id. Phil. 11, 3, 8; Sen. Ep. 6, 6, 25:

    animum picturā pascit inani,

    Verg. A. 1, 464:

    spes inanes,

    to cherish, id. ib. 10, 627.—Of style:

    omnia quasi eodem cibo pasta,

    Petr. S. 2.—
    b.
    Pass. reflex.:

    his ego rebus pascor, his delector,

    feast myself, Cic. Pis. 20, 45:

    pasci discordiis civium et seditione,

    id. Sest. 46, 99:

    ego hic pascor bibliothecā Fausti,

    id. Att. 4, 10, 1:

    qui maleficio et scelere pascuntur,

    live by, id. Off. 2, 11, 40:

    otia corpus alunt: animus quoque pascitur illis,

    Ov. P. 1, 4, 21:

    pasci dolore alicujus,

    id. M. 6, 280.—
    2.
    To lay waste, ravage, desolate:

    vestros campos,

    Liv. 25, 12:

    et pascent terram Assur in gladio,

    Vulg. Mic. 5, 6; cf.:

    pasce populum tuum in virgā tuā,

    id. ib. 7, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pasco

  • 4 pāscō

        pāscō pāvī, pāstus, ere    [PA-], to cause to eat, feed, supply with food: bestias: plures calones atque caballi Pascendi, H.— To feed, nourish, maintain, support: holusculis nos, feed with vegetables: quos dives Anagnia pascit, V.: servos, Iu.: volsis pascunt radicibus herbae (me), V.— To pasture, drive to pasture, attend: sues: greges armentaque, O.: non, me pascente, capellae, cytisum carpetis, V.— Pass, to be fed, feed, graze, pasture: si pulli non pascentur, L.: pascitur in magnā Silā iuvenca, V.: carice pastus acutā, V.: iterum pasto pascitur ante cibo, chews the cud, O. — To feed, supply, cherish, cultivate, let grow: barbam, H.: paverunt Pergama flammas, fed, O.: polus dum sidera pascet, feeds (with vapors), V.: nummos alienos, pile up debts, H.— To pasture, give as pasture: asperrima (collium), V.— To graze, browse: pascentes capellae, V.: saltibus in vacuis, V.: mala gramina, V.: apes arbuta, V.— To consume, lay waste, ravage, desolate: vestros campos, L.—Fig., to feast, delight, satisfy, feed, gratify: oculos, T.: quos Clodi furor incendiis pavit: supplicio oculos: animum picturā, V.: spes inanīs, cherish, V.: his ego rebus pascor, his delector, feast myself: maleficio et scelere pascuntur, live by: Pascere nostro dolore, O.
    * * *
    pascere, pavi, pastus V
    feed, feed on; graze

    Latin-English dictionary > pāscō

  • 5 depasco

    dē-pasco, pāvi, pastum, 3, v. a., and dē-pascor, ci, 3, v. depon., to feed down, feed off.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Of the shepherd:

    si d. saepius voles, etc.,

    Col. 2, 10, 31:

    glandem immisso pecore depasco,

    Dig. 10, 4, 9:

    saltus,

    Ov. F. 5, 283:

    luxuriem segetum,

    Verg. G. 1, 112.—
    B.
    Of the cattle, to feed upon, eat up, consume.
    (α).
    Form depasco:

    si haedi roscidas herbas depaverint,

    Col. 7, 5, 21; Verg. G. 4, 539.—In the part. perf.:

    saepes Hyblaeis apibus florem depasta salicti,

    id. E. 1, 55;

    segetes,

    Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 161: altaria, poet. for that which is upon it, Verg. A. 5, 93.—
    (β).
    Form depascor:

    papilio ceras depascitur,

    Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 65:

    miseros morsu depascitur artus (serpens),

    Verg. A. 2, 215; Vulg. Exod. 22, 5.—In the part. perf., Claud. VI. Cons. Honor. 239; cf.: depastis juvencis, Auct. Laud. Herc. 77.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A. 1.
    To cull, select:

    omnia nos itidem depascimur aurea dicta,

    Lucr. 3, 12.—
    2.
    To prune away, remove:

    in summa ubertate (orationis) inest luxuries quaedam, quae stilo depascenda est,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 23, 96.—
    3.
    To destroy, waste:

    veterem possessionem Academiae,

    id. Leg. 1, 21, 55;

    so of disease: artus depascitur arida febris,

    Verg. G. 3, 458; imitated by Claud. in Rufin. 1, 302; id. Idyll. 3, 11.—
    B.
    Rarely in the act. form:

    et potuit Latium longo depascere bello?

    Sil. 16, 681: in inferno positi sunt;

    mors depascet eos,

    Vulg. Psa. 48, 14 (cf. carpo, no. II. B. 2: decerpo, no. II. B. 2 al.).—The part. perf. in a pass. signif.:

    ipsaque diris Frons depasta modis,

    Sil. 6, 51:

    depasti flammis scopuli,

    id. 12, 153.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > depasco

  • 6 alo

    ălo, ălŭi, altum, and ălĭtum, 3, v. a. (the ante-class. and class. form of the part. perf. from Plautus until after Livy is altus (in Cic. four times); alitus seems to have been first used in the post-Aug. per. to distinguish it from altus, the adj. Altus is found in Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 36; Varr. ap. Non. 237, 15; Cic. Planc. 33, 81; id. Brut. 10, 39; id. N. D. 2, 46, 118; id. Fam. 6, 1; Sall. J. 63, 3;

    on the contrary, alitus,

    Liv. 30, 28; Curt. 8, 10, 8; Val. Max. 3, 4, 4; 5, 4, 7; 7, 4, 1; 9, 3, 8; Sen. Contr. 3, praef. 10; Just. 44, 4, 12; Dig. 27, 3, 1; cf. Prisc. 897; Diom. 371; Charis. 220 P.; Wund. ad Cic. Planc. p. 201) [cf.: an-altos = insatiable, alsos = growth (of wood), 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco, elementum; Goth. alan = to bring up; Germ. alt = old; Engl. old, eld, elder, and alderman], to feed, to nourish, support, sustain, maintain (in gen. without designating the means, while nutrire denotes sustenance by animal food; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 7, 32; Doed. Syn. II. p. 99).
    I.
    Lit.:

    quem ego nefrendem alui, Liv. And. ap. Fest. s. v. nefrendes, p. 163 Müll. (Trag. Rel. p. 5 Rib.): Athenis natus altusque,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 36:

    alebat eos,

    Vulg. Gen. 47, 12:

    esurientes alebat,

    ib. Tob. 1, 20.—With natus, educatus, or a similar word, several times: Alui, educavi, Att. ap. Non. 422, 14 (Trag. Rel. p. 150 Rib.):

    cum Hannibale alto atque educato inter arma,

    Liv. 30, 28 (cf. II. infra):

    aut equos Alere aut canes ad venandum,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 30; id. Hec. 4, 4, 49:

    alere nolunt hominem edacem,

    id. Phorm. 2, 2, 21:

    quoniam cibus auget corpus alitque,

    Lucr. 1, 859; 5, 221 al.:

    quae etiam aleret adulescentes,

    Cic. Cael. 38:

    milites,

    id. Verr. 5, 80:

    nautas,

    id. ib. 5, 87:

    exercitum,

    id. Deiot. 24:

    magnum numerum equitatus,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

    cum agellus eum non satis aleret,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 26, 72; so Nep. Phoc. 1, 4:

    locus ille, ubi altus aut doctus est,

    Cic. Planc. 33, 81:

    quibus animantes aluntur,

    id. N. D. 2, 19:

    (animus) aletur et sustentabitur isdem rebus, quibus astra sustentantur et aluntur,

    id. Tusc. 1, 19, 43 al.:

    latrociniis se suosque alebat,

    Caes. B. G. 8, 47; 1, 18:

    quos manus aut lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat,

    Sall. C. 14, 3; cf. Kritz ad Sall. C. 37, 3; Nep. Arist. 3 fin.:

    ut nepotem elephantos alere prohiberet,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 4:

    canes,

    id. Sex. Rosc. 56:

    quod alerentur regiones eorum ab illo,

    Vulg. Act. 12, 20:

    velut amnis imbres Quem super notas aluere ripas,

    have swollen, Hor. C. 4, 2, 5:

    rhombos aequora alebant,

    id. S. 2, 2, 48 al.; Ov. M. 9, 339; 3, 411; and in a paradoxical phrase: infelix minuendo corpus alebat, and sustained his body by consuming it, i. e. nourished himself by his own flesh, id. ib. 8, 878 al.—Hence in pass. with the abl. = vesci, to be nourished or sustained with or by something, to live or feed upon:

    panico vetere atque hordeo corrupto omnes alebantur,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 22:

    quia viperinis carnibus alantur,

    Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 27:

    locustis eos ali, etc.,

    id. 7, 2, 2, § 29:

    hoc cibo aliti sunt,

    Vulg. Exod. 16, 35.—
    II.
    Fig., to nourish, cherish, promote, increase, strengthen:

    honos alit artes,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4:

    in eā ipsā urbe, in quā et nata et alta sit eloquentia,

    id. Brut. 10, 39:

    hominis mens alitur discendo et cogitando,

    id. Off. 1, 30:

    haec studia adulescentiam alunt,

    id. Arch. 7, 16; cf.

    Ochsn. Eclog. 134 al.: civitas, quam ipse semper aluisset,

    i. e. whose prosperity he had always promoted, Caes. B. G. 7, 33:

    vires,

    id. ib. 4, 1:

    nolo meis impensis illorum ali augerique luxuriam,

    Nep. Phoc. 1 fin.:

    alere morbum,

    id. Att. 21 fin.:

    insita hominibus libido alendi de industriā rumores,

    Liv. 28, 24:

    regina Vulnus alit venis,

    Verg. A. 4, 2:

    divitiis alitur luxuriosus amor,

    Ov. R. Am. 746:

    alitur diutius controversia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 32:

    quid alat formetque poëtam,

    Hor. A. P. 307 al. —Hence, altus, a, um.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > alo

  • 7 alō

        alō aluī, altus or alitus, ere    [1 AL-], to feed, nourish, support, sustain, maintain: altus inter arma, L.: canes ad venandum, T.: exercitum: magnum numerum equitatūs, Cs.: quos lingua periurio alebat, S.: publice ali, at the public cost, N.: amnis imbres Quem super notas aluere ripas, have filled, H.: infelix minuendo corpus alebat, i. e. nourished himself by his own flesh, O.: panico vetere ali, Cs.: ignem, Cu.: flammas, O.: staturam, Cs. — Fig., to nourish, cherish, promote, increase, strengthen: honos alit artes: in quā alta sit eloquentia: civitatem, i. e. cause to prosper, Cs.: nolo meis impensis illorum ali luxuriam, N.: Volnus venis, V.: si diutius alatur controversia, Cs.: poëtam, H.: spem sententiis: ingenium: bellum.
    * * *
    I
    alere, alui, alitus V TRANS
    feed, nourish, rear, nurse, suckle; cherish; support, maintain, develop
    II
    alere, alui, altus V TRANS
    feed, nourish, rear, nurse, suckle; cherish; support, maintain, develop

    Latin-English dictionary > alō

  • 8 dē-pāscō

        dē-pāscō pāvī, pāstus, ere,    to feed down, feed off, give for food: saltūs, O.: luxuriem segetum, V.—To feed upon, graze, consume: agros: (tauri) summa Lycaei, V.: saepes Hyblaeis apibus florem depasta salicti, V.—Poet.: depasta altaria, the offerings, V.—To prune away, remove: (orationis) luxuries stilo depascenda. — To destroy, waste: possessionem Academiae.

    Latin-English dictionary > dē-pāscō

  • 9 nutrio

    nūtrĭo, īvi and ii, ītum (contr. form, nutrīmus for nutrivimus, Nemes. Ecl. 3, 26:

    nutribat for nutriebat,

    Verg. A. 11, 572; Sil. 16, 29; so,

    nutribant,

    Verg. A. 7, 485: nutribo for nutriam, Rhemn. Palaem. 1383; Cledon. 1914.—In the dep. form, nutritor for nutrito, Verg. G. 2, 425; cf. Prisc. p. 798 P.), 4, v. a. [Sanscr. root snu-, flow; Gr. neô (sneWô), swim; cf. nurus], to suckle, nourish, feed, foster, bring up, rear (syn. alere; not in Cic., but v. nutrix and nutrimentum).
    I.
    Lit.:

    quos lupa nutrit,

    Ov. F. 2, 415:

    nutritus lacte ferino,

    id. Tr. 3, 11, 3:

    ilignā nutritus glande,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 40:

    balaenae mammis nutriunt fetus,

    Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 235:

    serpente ciconia pullos Nutrit,

    Juv. 14, 75: taurus nutritus in herbā, id. 12, 12.—
    B.
    Transf., to nourish, support, maintain, foster.—Of plants:

    terra herbas Nutrit,

    Ov. R. Am. 45:

    myrtos roscido umore nutrire,

    Cat. 61, 25:

    nutriri cinere vult ruta,

    Plin. 19, 8, 45, § 156:

    fruges humo nutriente,

    Curt. 8, 10, 8; Petr. 120:

    Pax Cererem nutrit,

    Ov. F. 1, 704.— Poet.:

    Edonis nutritum missile ventis,

    a shaft taken from a tree toughened by storms, Val. Fl. 6, 340.—
    2.
    To nourish, nurse, take care of, attend to the body:

    cura corporum nutriendorum,

    Liv. 4, 52:

    aegrum nutrire per eos cibos, quos, etc.,

    Cels. 3, 23:

    vires,

    id. ib.:

    ulcus,

    to heal, id. 5, 26:

    damnum naturae in filio,

    Liv. 7, 4:

    morbos,

    Cels. 6, 6:

    capillum,

    Plin. 22, 22, 39, § 82: comam, Hier. in Amos, 8, 9 sq.; Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 14 sq.:

    cutem, mulierum in facie incorruptam,

    Plin. 21, 21, 91, § 159.—
    3.
    Nutrire vinum, to mix wine with spices, in order that it may keep, Col. 12, 30, 1:

    nutritum vinum,

    id. 12, 21, 3.—
    4.
    In gen., to preserve:

    nutriuntur optime (mensae citreae) splendescuntque, manu siccā fricatae,

    Plin. 13, 15, 30, § 99.—
    II.
    Trop., to nourish, cherish, support, cultivate, sustain:

    indoles Nutrita faustis sub penetralibus,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 25:

    amorem,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 579:

    pascere ac nutrire furorem (al. favorem),

    Sil. 7, 497:

    impetus ille sacer qui vatum pectora nutrit,

    Ov. P. 4, 2, 25:

    carmen,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 26:

    artes bonas, praecipue studia litterarum,

    Aur. Vict. Epit. 41, 14:

    nummi, quos hic quincunce modesto nutrieras,

    Pers. 5, 149:

    Graeciam,

    i. e. to treat mildly, Liv. 36, 35.—Of fire, to feed:

    gnes suscitat foliisque nutrit,

    Ov. M. 8, 643; 6, 493:

    graves simultates, quas Mucianus callide nutriebat,

    Tac. H. 3, 53 fin.:

    nimiam ac marcentem diu pacem,

    id. G. 36.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nutrio

  • 10 Asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Asper

  • 11 asper

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asper

  • 12 asperum

    1.
    asper, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. (aspra = aspera, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299, but Vahl. ad Enn. p. 166 reads spissa instead of aspra:

    aspris = asperis,

    Verg. A. 2, 379;

    aspro = aspero,

    Pall. Insit. 67) [etym. dub.; Doed. foll. by Hinter connects it with aspairô, to struggle, to resist; Corssen, Ausspr. II. p. 593, regards asper (i. e. ab spe) as the proper opposite of prosper (i. e. pro spe); thus asper originally meant hopeless, desperate; v. also id. ib. II. p. 870; cf. the use of res asperae as the opposite of res prosperae]; as affecting the sense of touch, rough, uneven (opp. lēvis or lenis; syn.: scaber, acutus, insuavis, acerbus, amarus, mordax, durus).
    I.
    1.. Lit.:

    lingua aspera tactu,

    Lucr. 6, 1150; cf. Verg. G. 3, 508; Ov. M. 7, 556; Luc. 4, 325:

    mixta aspera levibus,

    Lucr. 2, 471:

    in locis (spectatur) plani an montuosi, leves an asperi,

    Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36: Quid judicant sensus? dulce, amarum;

    lene, asperum,

    id. Fin. 2, 12, 36:

    tumulus asperi (sc. saxibus) soli,

    Liv. 25, 36: saxa, Enn. ap. Cic. Pis. 19; Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37; Pac. ap. Mar. Vict. p. 2522 P.; Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; Lucr. 4, 147; Ov. M. 6, 76; cf.

    Leucas,

    Luc. 1, 42:

    loca,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42, and Vulg. Act. 27, 29:

    viae asperae,

    ib. Bar. 4, 26:

    vallis aspera,

    ib. Deut. 21, 4 et saep.: unda, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    glacies,

    Verg. E. 10, 49:

    hiems,

    Ov. M. 11, 490; Claud. ap. Prob. Cons. 270: Phasis, i. e. frozen, ice-bound, Prob. ap. Rufin. I. 375;

    and of climate: aspera caelo Germania,

    harsh, severe, Tac. G. 2: arteria. the windpipe (v. arteria), Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; Cels. 4, 1.—Of raised work (i. e. bas-relief, etc., as being rough), as in Gr. trachus (cf. exaspero):

    aspera signis Pocula,

    Verg. A. 9, 263:

    Cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis,

    id. ib. 5, 267:

    signis exstantibus asper Antiquus crater,

    Ov. M. 12, 235 (cf.:

    stantem extra pocula caprum,

    Juv. 1, 76):

    Summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 701:

    aspera pocula,

    Prop. 2, 6, 17:

    ebur,

    Sen. Hippol. 899:

    balteus,

    Val. Fl. 5, 578:

    cingula bacis,

    Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 89; cf. Drak. ad Sil. 11, 279:

    nummus,

    not worn smooth, new, Suet. Ner. 44; cf. Sen. Ep. 19:

    mare,

    agitated by a storm, rough, tempestuous, Liv. 37, 16.—Of things that have a rough, thorny, prickly exterior:

    barba,

    Tib. 1, 8, 32:

    sentes,

    Verg. A. 2, 379:

    rubus,

    id. E. 3, 89:

    mucro,

    Luc. 7, 139 (cf. Tac. A. 15, 54: pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit; v. aspero).—
    2.
    Meton., of food: He. Asper meus victus sanest. Er. Sentisne essitas? He. My fare is very rough. Er. Do you feed on brambles? Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 85; cf. id. ib. 3, 1, 37; also of a cough producing hoarseness:

    quas (fauces) aspera vexat Assidue tussis,

    Mart. 11, 86, 1.—
    3.
    Subst.: aspĕrum, i, n., an uneven, rough place:

    latens in asperis radix,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 67:

    aspera maris,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    propter aspera et confragosa,

    Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 53:

    per aspera et devia,

    Suet. Tib. 60:

    erunt aspera in vias planas,

    Vulg. Isa. 40, 4; ib. Luc. 3, 5.—Also in the sup. absol.:

    asperrimo hiemis Ticinum usque progressus,

    Tac. A. 3, 5.—
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of taste, rough, harsh, sour, bitter, brackish, acrid, pungent:

    asperum, Pater, hoc (vinum) est: aliud lenius, sodes, vide,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 49:

    asper sapor maris,

    Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222: allium asperi saporis;

    quo plures nuclei fuere, hoc est asperius,

    id. 19, 6, 34, § 111:

    asperrimum piper,

    id. 12, 7, 14, § 27:

    acetum quam asperrimum,

    id. 20, 9, 39, § 97.—
    2.
    Of sound, rough, harsh, grating, etc.:

    (pronuntiationis genus) lene, asperum,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 57, 216.—Hence a poet. epithet of the letter R ( also called littera canina), Ov. F. 5, 481.—In rhetoric, rough, rugged, irregular: quidam praefractam et asperam compositionem probant;

    virilem putant et fortem, quae aurem inaequalitate percutiat,

    Sen. Ep. 114; cf. Cic. Or. 16, 53:

    duram potius atque asperam compositionem malim esse quam effeminatam et enervem,

    Quint. 9, 4, 142. And in gram., spiritus asper, the h sound, the aspirate, Prisc. p. 572 P.—
    3.
    Of smell, sharp, pungent:

    herba odoris asperi,

    Plin. 27, 8, 41, § 64.—
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    a.. Of moral qualities, rough, harsh, hard, violent, unkind, rude (cf.: acerbus, acer, and Wagner ad Verg. A. 1, 14):

    quos naturā putes asperos atque omnibus iniquos,

    Cic. Planc. 16, 40:

    orator truculentus, asper, maledicus,

    id. Brut. 34, 129:

    aspera Juno,

    Verg. A. 1, 279:

    juvenis monitoribus asper,

    Hor. A. P. 163:

    patres vestros, asperrimos illos ad condicionem pacis,

    Liv. 22, 59; cf. id. 2, 27:

    rebus non asper egenis,

    Verg. A. 8, 365:

    cladibus asper,

    exasperated, Ov. M. 14, 485:

    asperaque est illi difficilisque Venus,

    unfriendly, Tib. 1, 9, 20; cf. id. 1, 6, 2:

    (Galatea) acrior igni, Asperior tribulis, fetā truculentior ursā,

    Ov. M. 13, 803:

    Quam aspera est nimium sapientia indoctis hominibus,

    Vulg. Eccli. 6, 21:

    asper contemptor divom Mezentius,

    Verg. A. 7, 647:

    aspera Pholoe,

    coy, Hor. C. 1, 33, 6.—Of a harsh, austere, rigid view of life, or manner of living:

    accessit istuc doctrina (sc. Stoicorum) non moderata nec mitis, sed paulo asperior et durior quam aut veritas aut natura patiatur,

    Cic. Mur. 29:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores et oratione et verbis,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78 (v. asperitas, II. A.):

    (Cato) asperi animi et linguae acerbae et immodice liberae fuit, sed rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40:

    (Karthago) studiis asperrima belli,

    Verg. A. 1, 14, ubi v. Wagner:

    Camilla aspera,

    id. ib. 11, 664; cf.:

    gens laboribus et bellis asperrima,

    Just. 2, 3:

    virgo aspera,

    i. e. Diana, Sen. Med. 87.—
    b.
    Of animals, wild, savage, fierce:

    (anguis) asper siti atque exterritus aestu,

    Verg. G. 3, 434:

    bos aspera cornu, i. e. minax,

    id. ib. 3, 57; cf. Hor. Epod. 6, 11:

    ille (lupus) asper Saevit,

    Verg. A. 9, 62:

    lupus dulcedine sanguinis asper,

    Ov. M. 11, 402:

    ille (leo) asper retro redit,

    Verg. A. 9, 794:

    tigris aspera,

    Hor. C. 1, 23, 9; 3, 2, 10:

    (equus) asper frena pati,

    Sil. 3, 387.—
    B.
    Of things, rough, harsh, troublesome, adverse, calamitous, cruel, etc. (most freq. in the poets):

    in periculis et asperis temporibus,

    Cic. Balb. 9: qui labores, pericula, dubias atque asperas res facile toleraverant, Sall. C. 10, 2: mala res, spes multo asperior, ( our) circumstances are bad, ( our) prospects still worse, id. ib. 20, 13:

    venatus,

    Verg. A. 8, 318:

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 48, 1; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

    pugna,

    Verg. A. 11, 635; 12, 124:

    fata,

    id. ib. 6, 882:

    odia,

    id. ib. 2, 96.— Absol.:

    multa aspera,

    Prop. 1, 18, 13; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 21 al.—Of discourse, severe, abusive:

    asperioribus facetiis perstringere aliquem,

    Cic. Planc. 14; Tac. A. 15, 68:

    verba,

    Tib. 4, 4, 14; Ov. P. 2, 6, 8; Vulg. Psa. 90, 3:

    vox,

    Curt. 7, 1.— Adv.
    a.
    Old form asperĭter, roughly, harshly: cubare, Naev. ap. Non. p. 513, 21; Plaut. ap. Prisc. p. 1010 P.—
    b.
    Class. form aspĕrē (in fig. signif.), roughly, harshly, severely, vehemently, etc.
    1.
    Transf.:

    loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; Quint. 6, 5, 5:

    dicere,

    id. 2, 8, 15:

    syllabae aspere coëuntes,

    id. 1, 1, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    aspere accipere aliquid,

    Tac. A. 4, 31:

    aspere et acerbe accusare aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 5, 6:

    aspere agere aliquid,

    Liv. 3, 50:

    aspere et ferociter et libere dicta,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33; Quint. 6, 3, 28:

    aspere et vehementer loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227: ne quid aspere loquaris, * Vulg. Gen. 31, 24.— Comp.:

    asperius loqui aliquid,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 227:

    asperius scribere de aliquo,

    id. Att. 9, 15.— Sup.:

    asperrime loqui in aliquem,

    Cic. Att. 2, 22, 5:

    asperrime pati aliquid,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 1:

    asperrime saevire in aliquem,

    Vell. 2, 7.
    2.
    Asper, eri, m.
    I.
    A cognomen of L. Trebonius:

    L. Trebonius... insectandis patribus, unde Aspero etiam inditum est cognomen, tribunatum gessit,

    Liv. 3, 65, 4. —
    II.
    Asper, Aspri (Prob. p. 201 Keil), m., a Latin grammarian, two of whose treatises have come down to us; v. Teuffel, Rom. Lit. § 474, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > asperum

  • 13 panis

    pānis, is, m. ( neutr. collat. form pāne, is, Plaut. ap. Non. 218, 12, and Charis. p. 69 and 114 P.; v. infra; cf.

    also: non item apud vos est positum hoc pane et hic panis? etc.,

    Arn. 1, 36.—In gen. plur., panium, acc. to Caes. ap. Charis. p. 69 and 114 P.; panuin, acc. to Prisc. p. 771 P.) [from the root pa, to feed; whence also paomai, pabulum, and pasco], bread, a loaf.
    I.
    Lit.:

    tunc farinam aquā sparsit et assiduā tractatione perdomuit finxitque panem, etc.,

    Sen. Ep. 90, 23:

    a pistore panem petimus, vinum ex oenopolio,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 48:

    haec sunt ventris stabilimenta: pane et arsā bubulā, etc.,

    id. Curc. 2, 3, 88:

    quin tu rogas, Purpureum panem an puniceum soleam ego esse,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 19:

    sordidus,

    id. As. 1, 2, 16:

    panis rubidus,

    id. Cas. 2, 5, 1: cibarius panis, coarse bread (v. cibarius), Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97:

    secundus,

    black bread, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123:

    ater,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

    durus ac sordidus,

    Sen. Ep. 119, 3:

    siccus,

    dry bread, id. ib. 83, 6:

    panis plebeius, siligneus,

    id. ib. 119, 3; cf.:

    panis tener et niveus mollique siligine factus,

    Juv. 5, 70:

    vetus aut nauticus,

    Plin. 22, 25, 68, § 138:

    lapidosus,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 91:

    fermentatus,

    Vulg. Lev 7, 13:

    azymus,

    id. Exod. 29, 2:

    subcinericus,

    id. ib. 12, 39:

    oleatus,

    id. Num. 11, 8: mollia panis, the crumb, Plin. [p. 1298] 13, 12, 26, §

    82: panis crusta,

    the crust, id. 29, 4, 23, § 75:

    bucella panis,

    a mouthful, Vulg. Gen. 18, 5:

    mucida caerulei panis consumere frusta,

    Juv. 14, 128.—
    B.
    In partic., a loaf:

    comesse panem tres pedes latum potes,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 1, 8:

    bini panes,

    id. Pers. 4, 3, 2:

    ex hoc effectos panes, jaciebant, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 48, 2:

    panes et opsonia,

    Suet. Calig. 37:

    panes quos coxerat tradidit,

    Vulg. Gen. 27, 17:

    tortam panis unius,

    id. Exod. 29, 23:

    quinque panes,

    id. Johan. 6, 9:

    cum esuriente panem suum dividere,

    Sen. Ep. 95, 51:

    frange esurienti panem tuum,

    Vulg. Isa. 58, 7.—Hence,
    II.
    Transf.
    1.
    Food in general:

    non in solo pane vivit homo,

    Vulg. Luc. 4, 4; id. 2 Thess. 3, 12; and trop. of food for the soul, spiritual nourishment:

    ego sum panis vitae,

    the food which gives life, id. Johan. 6, 48; 6, 51, etc.—
    2.
    A mass in the shape of a loaf, a loaf:

    panes aeris,

    Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

    aut panes viridantis aphronitri,

    Stat. S. 4, 9, 37.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > panis

  • 14 sagmen

    sagmen, ĭnis, n. [root sag, to fill, feed; cf. Gr. sesagmenos, sattô; Lat. sagina], the tuft of sacred herbs plucked within the citadel by the consul or prœtor, by bearing which the persons of the Roman fetiales and ambassadors became inviolable:

    sunt sagmina quaedam herbae, quas legati populi Romani ferre solebant, ne quis eos violaret, sicuti legati Graecorum ferunt ea, quae vocantur cerycia,

    Dig. 1, 8, 8; cf. Fest. p. 320 Müll.; and Paul. ex Fest. p. 321 ib.; Plin. 22, 2, 3, § 5; Liv. 1, 24; 30, 43.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sagmen

  • 15 seges

    sĕgĕs, ĕtis, f. [etym. dub.; perh. root sag-, to fill, feed; Gr. sattô; Lat. sagmen, q. v.], a cornfield.
    I.
    Lit. (freq. and class.):

    partem dimidiam (stercoris) in segetem, ubi pabulum seras, invehito,

    Cato, R. R. 29; cf. id. ib. 36: segetes subigere aratris, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 395, 15; Cato, R. R. 37; 155; 5, 4 (v. defrugo); id. Fragm. ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1; Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 5; 1, 29, 1; 1, 50, 1 sq.; 1, 69, 1; 2, 7, 11 al.; Lucil., Att., and Varr. ap. Non. 395, 24 sq.; Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13; 1, 28, 69:

    segetes secundae et uberes,

    Cic. Or. 15, 48; id. Sen. 15, 54, id. Verr. 2, 3, 8, § 20:

    cohortes frumentatum in proximas segetes misit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 36, 2; Tib. 1, 3, 61; Verg. G. 1, 47 Heyne; 2, 267;

    4, 129: segetes occat tibi mox frumenta daturas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 161; id. C. 1, 31, 4; Col. 2, 14, 2 et saep.—

    Comically: stimulorum seges,

    a cudgelfield, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 6.—
    B.
    Transf., the standing corn, growing corn, crop in a field (class., but not freq. till after the Aug. per.:

    est eorum (rusticorum) gemmare vitis, laetas esse segetes, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 24, 81; id. de Or. 3, 38, 155, is cited, merely by way of example, as used by the rustici;

    syn. messis): seges grandissima atque optima,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 52, 1:

    culto stat seges alta solo,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 102:

    seges prope jam matura,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 81 fin. (cf. infra, Liv. 2, 5):

    antequam seges in articulum eat,

    Col. 2, 12, 9:

    uligo segetem enecat,

    id. 2, 9, 9:

    et segetis canae stantes percurrere aristas,

    Ov. M. 10, 655:

    producit fruges et segetem imbecillem,

    Sen. Q. N. 2, 6, 6; id. Ben. 6, 4, 4.— Plur.:

    segetes Collibus et campis habere,

    Lucr. 5, 1371:

    quid faciat laetas segetes,

    Verg. G. 1, 1:

    adultae segetes,

    Col. 2, 9, 10:

    segetes laetas excitare,

    id. 2, 15, 4:

    laetas segetes afferre,

    id. 2, 17, 3.—With gen.:

    seges farris matura messi,

    Liv. 2, 5:

    lini et avenae,

    Verg. G. 1, 77:

    leguminum,

    Col. 2, 13, 3.— Poet., of men springing up out of the ground:

    crescit seges clipeata virorum,

    Ov. M. 3, 110; 7, 30; id. H. 12, 59 al.—Of a multitude of things crowded together, a crop, etc.:

    confixum ferrea texit Telorum seges,

    Verg. A. 3, 46; cf. id. ib. 7, 526, and 12, 663; so,

    ferri,

    Claud. in Ruf. 2, 391; cf.:

    Mavortia ferri,

    id. III. Cons. Hon. 135:

    hystricis,

    Aus. Idyll. 2 (Claud. Hystr. 12):

    aëna (hydraulici organi),

    Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 316:

    seges osculationis,

    Cat. 48, 6.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. A.) A field, ground, soil (rare but class.): quod beneficium haud sterili in segete, rex, te obsesse intellegis, Att. ap. Non. 395, 27:

    fert casiam non culta seges,

    Tib. 1, 3, 61:

    ubi prima paretur Arboribus seges,

    Verg. G. 2, 267:

    quid odisset Clodium Milo segetem ac materiem suae gloriae?

    Cic. Mil. 13, 35; cf.:

    videtur esse criminum seges, maledictorum materia,

    Arn. 5, 172.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. B.) A crop, fruit, produce, result, profit ( poet. and very rare):

    fertile pectus habes, interque Helicona colentes Uberius nulli provenit ista seges,

    Ov. P. 4, 2, 12:

    quae inde seges,

    Juv. 7, 103:

    inde seges scelerum,

    Prud. Ham. 258.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > seges

  • 16 arbutum

        arbutum ī, n    [arbutus], the fruit of the arbutus, wild strawberry: dant arbuta silvae, V.—The arbutus, strawberry-tree: frondentia, V.
    * * *
    abrutus (evergreen strawberry) tree/fruit; its leaves/branches (animal feed)

    Latin-English dictionary > arbutum

  • 17 vīvō

        vīvō vīxī （ subj pluperf. vīxet for vīxisset, V.), —, ere    [VIV-], to live, be alive, have life: Valet atque vivit (gnatus), T.: vivere ac spirare: is demum mihi vivere atque frui animā videtur, qui, etc., S.: Annos bis centum, O.: ad centesimum annum: nisi cum virtute vivatur, unless we live virtuously: non sibi soli postulat, Te vivere, for him alone, T.: nos in diem vivimus, i. e. from hand to mouth: vitam duram, quam vixi usque adhuc, T.: tutiorem vitam: Bacchanalia vivunt, Iu.: nunc tertia vivitur aetas, O.: et vivere vitem et mori dicimus: ignes, O.—To survive, be still alive: si viveret, verba eius audiretis: si viveret, mihi cum illo nulla contentio iam maneret: constitueram, neminem includere in dialogos eorum, qui viverent: hic tamen vivit. vivit? immo vero etiam in senatum venit.—In phrases of asseveration: nam, ita vivam, putavi, as I live: quid poteris, inquies, pro iis dicere? ne vivam, si scio, may I die, if, etc.: ego hodie, si vivo, tibi Ostendam, etc., as sure as I live, T.—In the phrase, de lucro vivere, i. e. to owe life to favor, live at another's mercy: de lucro prope iam quadrennium vivimus: de lucro tibi vivere me scito, L.—In the phrase, ex alicuius more vivere, to conform to one's ways, live according to one's wishes: Huncine erat aequom ex illius more an illum ex huius vivere? T.—To live, support life, feed, be supported, sustain oneself: stirpibus palmarum: piscibus, Cs.: cortice ex arboribus, Cs.: herbis et urticā, H.: rapto, V.: Parcius, H.: Vivitur ex rapto, O.; cf. studia, quibus antea delectabamur, nunc etiam vivimus, which were formerly my delight, are now my life.—To live, pass the time, reside, dwell, be: extra urbem: Cypri, N.: in litteris vivere: unis moribus et numquam mutatis legibus: convenienter naturae: cum Pansā vixi in Pompeiano: ecquis me hodie vivit fortunatior? T.: ego vivo miserrimus: illā (sorte) Contentus vivat, H.: quoniam vivitur non cum perfectis hominibus, sed, etc.—Prov.: animum secum esse secumque ut dicitur, vivere, i. e. for its own sake.—To live well, live at ease, enjoy life: quando vivemus?: vive valeque, farewell, H.: vivite, silvae, fare ye well, V.—To live, last, endure, remain, be remembered: Vivet extento Proculeius aevo, H.: per omnia saecula famā, O.: tacitum vivat sub pectore volnus, V.: das nostro victurum nomen amori, O.: mihi Scipio vivit tamen semperque vivet.
    * * *
    vivere, vixi, victus V
    be alive, live; survive; reside

    Latin-English dictionary > vīvō

  • 18 hospes

    hospĕs, ĭtis ( gen. plur. hospitium, Liv. 4, 35, 4), m.; hospĭta, ae, f. (cf. antistita from antistes, sospita from sospes, sacerdota from sacerdos, etc., but hospes, f., Att. ap. Non. 279, 11;

    Trag. Fragm. v. 51 Rib.: hospes amica,

    Ov. F. 6, 510:

    Aurora,

    Stat. Th. 6, 272; Sen. Agam. 318 al.) [= hostipets, hostis, a stranger; pa-, root of pasco, pater, to feed, hence],
    I.
    He who entertains a stranger, a host (one who entertains gratuitously, as a friend: caupo, one who entertains for pay);

    form hospes: alterum ad cauponem devertisse, ad hospitem alterum,

    Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57; so id. Fin. 5, 2, 4:

    tendimus hinc recta Beneventum, ubi sedulus hospes Paene macros, arsit, dum turdos versat in igne, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 71:

    succinctus,

    id. ib. 2, 6, 107:

    amabilis,

    id. Ep. 2, 2, 132:

    hospitis affectu salutare,

    with a host's politeness, Juv. 8, 161.—Esp., one upon whom soldiers are quartered, Tac. H. 2, 66; 3, 41.—Hence repeated of both host and guest:

    per dexteram istam te oro, quam regi Deiotaro hospes hospiti porrexisti,

    Cic. Deiot. 3, 8; so,

    non hospes ab hospite tutus,

    Ov. M. 1, 144:

    Juppiter, = hospitalis,

    id. ib. 10, 224.— Fem., hospita, she who entertains a guest, a hostess:

    femina primaria, Servilia, vetere Dionis hospita,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 24:

    figura et lineamenta hospitae,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 36, §

    89: Helene,

    Hor. C. 1, 15, 2.—In late Lat., for a concubine, Inscr. Orell. 2669; 4996. —
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    A sojourner, visitor, guest, friend, xenos. Lit.:

    in domo clari hominis, in quam et hospites multi recipiendi et admittenda hominum cujusque modi multitudo,

    Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139:

    libri inter Cratippi commentarios tamquam hospites recipiendi,

    id. ib. 3, 33, 121:

    recipere hospites,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 65:

    accipere hospitem,

    id. Fam. 9, 26 fin.:

    non hospites, sed peregrini atque advenae,

    id. Agr. 2, 34, 94:

    habuisses non hospitem, sed contubernalem,

    id. Fam. 9, 20, 1:

    et hostem et hospitem vidit,

    id. Div. 2, 37, 79; 6, 6, 2:

    is qui nuper Romae fuit Menedemus hospes meus,

    id. de Or. 1, 19, 85; cf. id. Lael. 7, 24:

    Polybius noster hospes,

    id. Rep. 4, 3:

    id factum ex suis hospitibus Caesar cognoverat,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 6, 2:

    in suos notos hospitesque quaerebant,

    id. B. C. 1, 74, 5:

    hospes familiae vestrae,

    Cic. Lael. 11, 36: homo multorum [p. 867] hospitum, id. Clu. 59, 163:

    mihi seu longum post tempus venerat hospes Sive, etc.,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 118:

    si vespertinus subito te oppresserit hospes,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 17:

    hospite venturo, cessabit nemo tuorum,

    Juv. 14, 59: in officiis apud majores ita observatum est: primum tutelae, deinde hospiti, deinde clienti, tum cognato, postea adfini, Sabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5.—In fem.:

    meamne hic in via hospitam, Quae heri huc Athenis cum hospite advenit meo, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 8; id. ib. 71; Ter. And. 2, 6, 8; Cic. Att. 5, 1, 3.—
    B.
    Opp. to a native, a stranger, foreigner (syn.:

    advena, peregrinus, peregrinator, alienus): adeone hospes hujusce urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias?

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 28:

    nec peregrinus atque hospes in agendo,

    id. de Or. 1, 50, 218:

    nos in nostra urbe peregrinantes errantesque tamquam hospites tui libri quasi domum deduxerunt,

    id. Ac. 1, 3, 9.—So in addressing a foreigner, like the Gr. xene, stranger:

    cum (Theophrastus) percontaretur ex anicula quadam, quanti aliquid venderet, et respondisset illa atque addidisset, Hospes, non pote minoris: tulisse eum moleste, se non effugere hospitis speciem, cum aetatem ageret Athenis optimeque loqueretur,

    id. Brut. 46, 172; Quint. 8, 1, 2: dic, hospes, Spartae, nos te hic vidisse jacentes, Cic. poët. Tusc. 1, 42, 101 (a transl. of the Gr. Ô xein, angellein Aakedaimoniois, etc., Herod. 7, 228): hospes, quid miras curare Serapin? Varr. ap. Non. 480, 30; Prop. 4, 1, 1.— Fem., hospita, a female stranger:

    hanc hospitam crepidula ut graphice decet,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 3.—
    C.
    Hence, a stranger in any matter, ignorant of, unacquainted with:

    si erit idem in consuetudine civitatis hospes,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:

    vos ignoretis, vos hospites in hac urbe versamini,

    id. Mil. 12, 33.—
    D.
    Of inanim. or abstr. things adjectively, hospitable; strange, foreign.
    (α).
    Form hospes (only in post-Aug. poets): gemma, Pall. Insit. init.:

    tecta, etc.,

    Stat. Th. 12, 479:

    cymba,

    id. S. 5, 1, 252:

    honor,

    Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 650.—
    (β).
    Form hospita (in the fem. and neutr. plur. mostly poet.): hirundines hospitae, Varr. ap. Arn. 6, 207:

    navis,

    Ov. F. 1, 340:

    quo tutior hospita lustres Aequora,

    Verg. A. 3, 377:

    conjunx hospita Teucris,

    id. ib. 6, 93:

    terra hospita,

    id. ib. 3, 539:

    tecta,

    Val. Fl. 2, 650:

    flumina,

    Stat. Th. 4, 842:

    litora mundo,

    id. S. 3, 5, 75:

    unda plaustris,

    bearing wagons on its frozen surface, Verg. G. 3, 362:

    vina,

    Val. Fl. 1, 44.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hospes

  • 19 tondeo

    tondĕo, tŏtondi, tonsum, 2 (collat. form acc. to the third conj.: OVES TONDVNTVR, Calend. ap. Grut. 138), v. a. [for tomdeo; root in Gr. temnô, to cut], to shear, clip, crop, to shave, etc.
    I.
    Lit.:

    barbam et capillum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58; so,

    barbam,

    Mart. 11, 39, 3:

    capillum,

    Ov. M. 8, 151:

    cutem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 7:

    os,

    Cat. 61, 139:

    ovem,

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 28; Hor. Epod. 2, 16; Verg. G. 3, 443; Plin. 18, 27, 67, § 257; cf.

    lanam,

    Hor. C. 3, 15, 14:

    naevos in facie,

    Plin. 28, 4, 6, § 34: saltatrix tonsa, i. e. with hair clipped short (of the Consul Gabinius), Cic. Pis. 8, 18; cf.: tonsus puer or minister, cropped, i. e. common, mean, Mart. 10, 98, 9; 11, 11, 3: ad alta tonsum templa cum reum misit, i. e. acquitted (prop. without the untrimmed hair of accused persons), id. 2, 74, 3.—Mid.:

    lavamur et tondemur et convivimus ex consuetudine,

    Quint. 1, 6, 44.— Absol.:

    ne tonsori collum committeret, tondere filias suas docuit,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58.—And in reflex. sense:

    ut decrescente lunā tondens calvus fiam,

    shaving myself, Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 2:

    candidior postquain tondenti barba cadebat,

    Verg. E. 1, 29.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To crop, lop, prune, trim:

    ille comam mollis jam tondebat hyacinthi,

    was cropping, Verg. G. 4, 137:

    violas manu,

    Prop. 3, 13, 29:

    vitem in pollicem,

    Col. 4, 21, 3:

    oleas, vites,

    Plin. 15, 1, 2, § 4:

    balsamum,

    id. 12, 25, 54, § 112:

    ilicem bipennibus,

    to lop, Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

    myrtos,

    Quint. 8, 3, 8.—
    B.
    To mow, reap:

    tonsas cessare novales patiere,

    after harvest, Verg. G. 1, 71:

    nocte arida prata Tondentur,

    id. ib. 1, 290:

    tondeturque seges maturos annua partus,

    Tib. 4, 1, 172:

    tonsam verrit humum,

    Ov. R. Am. 192; Sen. Phoen. 130.—
    C.
    To crop, to graze, feed, or browse upon, to eat off; to pluck, gather, cull ( poet.):

    ex uno tondentes gramina campo Lanigerae pecudes,

    Lucr. 2, 660:

    pabula (pecudes),

    id. 2, 317:

    dumeta (juvenci),

    Verg. G. 1, 15:

    campum late (equi),

    id. A. 3, 538:

    viridantia gramina morsu,

    id. Cul. 49:

    tondentes comam fluvii capellae,

    App. M. 5, p. 169, 37:

    jecur rostro (vultur),

    Verg. A. 6, 598:

    ales avida fecundum jecur,

    Sen. Agam. 18; cf.

    in a Greek constr.: illa autem, quae tondetur praecordia rostro Alitis,

    Sil. 13, 839. —
    D.
    As in Engl., to shave, fleece, for to deprive, plunder (very rare):

    adibo hunc... itaque tondebo auro usque ad vivam cutem,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 8:

    tondens purpureā regna paterna comā,

    Prop. 3, 19 (4, 18), 22.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tondeo

  • 20 incesta

    1.
    incestus, a, um, adj. [2. in-castus], unclean (in a moral and religious sense), impure, polluted, defiled, sinful, criminal (as an adj. mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
    I.
    In gen.:

    cum verborum contumeliis optimum virum incesto ore lacerasset,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

    saepe Diespiter Neglectus incesto addidit integrum,

    punished the good with the bad, Hor. C. 3, 2, 30:

    catervae Incestarum avium,

    that feed on corpses, Stat. Th. 9, 27:

    profana illic omnia, quae apud nos sacra: rursum concessa apud illos, quae apud nos incesta,

    Tac. H. 5, 4:

    an triste bidental Moverit incestus,

    impious, Hor. A. P. 472. —
    II.
    In partic., unchaste, lewd, incestuous.
    A.
    Adj.:

    Ilion Fatalis incestusque judex... vertit In pulverem,

    i. e. Paris, Hor. C. 3, 3, 19;

    called also: praedo,

    Stat. Ach. 1, 45:

    princeps,

    Plin. Pan. 52, 3:

    amores,

    Hor. C. 3, 6, 23; Tac. A. 12, 4:

    nuptiae,

    id. ib. 11, 25 fin.; cf.

    conjugia,

    Suet. Claud. 26:

    noctes,

    Plin. Pan. 63, 7:

    voces,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 503:

    pellicere aliquem incesto sermone,

    Liv. 8, 28, 3:

    incestus manus intra terminos sacratos inferre,

    id. 45, 5, 7:

    corruptor et idem incestus,

    Juv. 4, 9. — Hence,
    B.
    Substt.
    1.
    incestum, i, n., unchastity, lewdness; esp. as a violation of religious laws, incest (class.):

    incestum pontifices supremo supplicio sanciunto,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    concubuit cum viro... fecit igitur incestum,

    id. Inv. 1, 40, 73. committere, Quint. 4, 2, 88; Dig. 23, 2, 39:

    ex incesto, quod Augustus cum Julia filia admisisset,

    Suet. Calig. 23; cf.:

    incesti cum sorore reus,

    id. Ner. 5:

    cum filia commissum,

    Quint. 5, 10, 19:

    incesto liberatus,

    Cic. Pis. 39, 95:

    incesti damnata,

    Quint. 7, 8, 3:

    ab incesto id ei loco nomen factum,

    Liv. 8, 15, 8:

    incesti poena... in viro in insulam deportatio est,

    Paul. Sent. 2, 26, 15. — In plur.:

    stupra... et adulteria, incesta denique,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 35, 75:

    super sororum incesta,

    Suet. Calig. 36:

    Vestalium virginum,

    id. Dom. 8.—
    2.
    incesta, ae, f., an incestuous woman, paramour:

    hunc (adamanta) dedit olim barbarus incestae,

    Juv. 6, 158.— Adv.: incestē ( incastē, Sen. Contr. 2, 13).
    A.
    In gen., impurely, sinfully, Lucr. 1, 98:

    facere sacrificium Dianae,

    Liv. 1, 45, 6.—
    B.
    In partic., unchastely:

    ideo aquam adduxi, ut ea tu inceste uterere?

    Cic. Cael. 14, 34:

    libidinatum,

    Suet. Ner. 28:

    agit incestius res suas,

    Arn. 5, 170.
    2.
    incestus, ūs, m. [1. incestus, II.], unchastity, incest (mostly Ciceron.):

    quaestio de incestu,

    Cic. Mil. 22, 59; id. Brut. 32, 122; 124; id. N. D. 3, 30, 74 Klotz; Liv. 4, 44 Weissenb.; Val. Max. 6, 3, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > incesta

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